So far as we know, the following recipes can be used with tissues embedded in most common embedding systems, such as SPI-Pon 812, SPI-Pon/Araldite, or the SPI-Chem versions of the Spurr formulations.

Stock Solution:

To 10 ml of distilled water, add 0.2g of sodium hydroxide, 0.4g of sodium tartrate, and 0.2g of bismuth subnitrate. Shake until dissolved and store under refrigeration. Expected shelf life is about two weeks.

Working Solution:

Add 20 micro liters of above stock solution (less than two weeks old) to 1ml of distilled water and float the grids on approximately 50 micro liter drops of this working solution for 5 minutes. Then rinse with distilled water.