SPI Microscopy Library

Table of Contents

• 1.1 Electron microscopy of biological specimens; the need for ultrathin sections
• 1.2 The aim of the procedure
• 1.3 Criteria of good preservation

• 2.1 The development of fixatives for electron microscopy
• 2.2 Vehicles for fixatives
• 2.3 Osmium tetroxide fixatives
• 2.4 Glutaraldehyde fixatives
• 2.5 Formaldehyde fixatives
• 2.6 Acrolein and other aldehyde fixatives
• 2.7 Permanganate fixatives
• 2.8 Mixed fixatives
• 2.9 Uranly acetate fixatives

• 3.1 Time and temperature of fixation
• 3.2 Fixation schedules
• 3.3 Organs and tissues
• 3.4 Botanical specimens
• 3.5 Monolayers of cells
• 3.6 Isolated cells
• 3.7 Cell fractions
• 3.8 Methods for very small quantities of material
• 3.9 Special fixation and methods

• 4.1 Chemical and morphological effects of dehydration
• 4.2 Dehydration schedules
• 4.3 Dehydration agents

• 5.1 Embedding media for electron microscopy
• 5.2 Standard embedding methods
• 5.3 Epoxy resins
• 5.4 Pollyester resins
• 5.5 Methacrylates
• 5.6 Water soluble embedding media
• 5.7 Other embedding media
• 5.8 Special embedding methods

• 6.1 Fixation, dehydration and embedding at low temperatures
• 6.2 Freeze drying
• 6.3 Freeze substitution
• 6.4 Cryo-ultramicrotomy